太空中的3D打印

本书聚焦太空探索领域一项重要且极具趣味性的技术——太空 3D 打印，系统阐述了这项创新技术的核心原理与应用场景。在各国相继公布探月计划的时代背景下，人类探索浩瀚宇宙的梦想正逐步成为现实，而 3D 打印技术为太空探索事业提供了革命性解决方案。全书配有 100余幅彩色示意图，不仅以通俗易懂的方式阐释了基础理论与研究进展，更深入探讨了实现航天器回收、在月球表面打印房屋等具有现实意义的主题，同时针对深空探测任务中的设备故障应对策略提供了专业见解。作者团队基于在卫星载荷技术领域丰富的研发经验，将扎实的理论知识与工程实践相结合。
本书既可为科研人员及工程技术人员提供技术指引，也可作为高等院校航天相关专业的教学参考书，更是一把开启星辰大海征程的智慧钥匙。

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Chapter 1 What is 3D Printing in Space 1
1.1 What is 3D Printing 2
1.2 Why We Print Satellites and Other Spacecraft 4
1.3 What is the Difference Between 3D Printing in Space and on the Ground 7
1.4 Challenges Faced by 3D Printing in Space 8
1.5 Prospects of 3D Printing in Space 9

Chapter 2 Existing 3D Printing Technologies 11
2.1 Fused Deposition Modeling Technology 11
2.2 Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication Technology 13
2.3 Selective Laser Sintering Technology 15
2.4 Stereolithography Technology 17
2.5 Concentrated Solar Power Technology 19

Chapter 3 3D Printing of Artificial Satellites and Rockets 21
3.1 Materials Suitable for Use in Space 21
3.1.1 ABS Plastic 22
3.1.2 New High Polymer Compound Materials 24
3.1.3 MetalMaterials 25
3.1.4 Piezoelectric Materials 29
3.2 3D Printed Satellite Components 30
3.2.1 3D Printed Filters 32
3.2.2 3D Printed Antennas 34
3.2.3 3D Printed Loop Heat Pipe 36
3.2.4 3D Printed Atmospheric Spectrometer Mirror 37
3.2.5 New Welding Technology Based on 3D Printing 38
3.3 3D Printing of Satellite Structure 39
3.4 3D Printed Rockets 43
3.4.1 3D Printing Rocket Engine Components 44
3.4.2 Existing 3D Printed Rockets 49
3.4.3 3D Printed Rocket Launch and Landing Devices 50
3.5 3D Printed Engine Components 51
3.6 3D Printed Small Satellites 52

Chapter 4 On-Orbit 3D Printing 57
4.1 Challenges Faced by Spacecraft and Others in On-Orbit 3D Printing 59
4.2 Microgravity 3D Printing Equipment 61
4.3 In-Orbit 3D Printing of Composite Materials 62
4.4 On-Orbit 3D Printing of Satellite Components 64
4.5 On-Orbit Recycling ofMaterials 65
4.6 On-Orbit Construction and Assembly 67
4.6.1 On-Orbit Construction 3D Printer Arm 67
4.6.2 In-Orbit Construction of Large Space Trusses 68
4.6.3 In-Orbit Repair of Large Space Equipment 72
4.7 In-Orbit 3D Printed Satellites 72

Chapter 5 3D Printing in Deep Space Exploration 75
5.1 Challenges Faced by 3D Printing of Lunar and Other Planetary Bases 76
5.2 Where Does the Raw Material Needed for Printing Planetary Bases Come From 77
5.3 Latest Developments in 3D Printing Technology for Lunar Bases in Various Countries 80
5.3.1 China’s Lunar Base Development Concept and 3D Printing Technology 80
5.3.2 NASA’s Lunar Base 3D Printing Technology 82
5.3.3 European Space Agency’s Lunar Base 3D Printing Technology 88
5.4 3D Printing inMars Base 91
5.4.1 Mars Life Health and Exploration Mission 91
5.4.2 Mars Dune Alpha 92
5.4.3 In-Situ 3D Printing of Mars Base 93
5.5 3D Printing in Deep Space Exploration Instruments 94
5.6 New Materials Suitable for Deep Space Exploration Under Extreme Temperature Environments 97

Chapter 6 New Materials for Space 3D Printing 101
6.1 3D Printing of Metallic Materials 101
6.1.1 Heterogeneous Dual Metal 3D Printing 101
6.1.2 3D Printing of Large Copper Parts 103
6.1.3 3D Printing of Iron Nickel Metal 104
6.1.4 3D Printing of Titanium Metal 106
6.1.5 3D Printing of Metal Ceramic Parts 107
6.1.6 Stainless Steel 3D Printing 107
6.2 3D Printing of Composite Materials 108
6.2.1 On-Orbit Recycling and Reuse of 3D Printed Plastics 108
6.2.2 Printing Bricks with Artificial Lunar Dust 109
6.2.3 Printing Concrete with Urea and Artificial Lunar Dust 110
6.2.4 Printing Filters with Silicon Carbide 112
6.3 3D Printing of Biomimetic Materials 112
6.3.1 3D Printing of Bones and Skin 112
6.3.2 3D Printing of Blood Vessels 113
6.3.3 Emergency Bioprinter 113
6.3.4 3D Printing Ensures Astronaut Life Systems 114
6.4 Status of PrintingMaterials 117
6.4.1 Heat Resistance of 3D Printed Metal 117
6.4.2 Laser 3D Printing X-ray Imaging 118
6.4.3 Surface Condition of 3D Printing 118

Chapter 7 Technical Applications of Space 3D Printing 121
7.1 High-Temperature Resistant 3D Printing Technology 121
7.1.1 3D Printing of High-Temperature Resistant Nozzles 121
7.1.2 3D Printed Platinum Alloy Thruster Chamber 123
7.1.3 3D Printed Insulation Technology 123
7.2 Complex Structure 3D Printing Technology 124
7.2.1 3D Printed High Complexity Rocket Turbo-Pump 124
7.2.2 3D Printing of Complex Aircraft Icing Shapes 125
7.2.3 3D Printing of High-Precision Gas Identification Telescopes 127
7.2.4 3D Printing of a Complete Storable Thrust Chamber 127
7.3 High Utilization of 3D Printing Technology 129
7.3.1 3D Printing Aids in the Search for Black Holes 129
7.3.2 Building a Lunar Base with 3D Printing 130
7.3.3 3D Printing Helps Fight “COVID-19” 132
7.3.4 3D Printing of Astronaut Medical Tools 134
7.4 Integrated 3D Printing Technology 135
7.4.1 3D Printed Miniature Sensors 135
7.4.2 3D Printed Miniature Satellite Body 136
7.5 Lightweight 3D Printing Technology 136
7.5.1 Lightweight 3D Printed Components 137
7.5.2 3D Printed Metal Microwave Devices 138
7.5.3 Integrated 3D Printed Satellite Bracket 140

Chapter 8 Future Development of 3D Printing in Space 143
8.1 3D Printing of Food in Space 143
8.2 Resupply of Spaceship Parts During Interstellar Travel 144
8.3 What to Do if an Astronaut Gets Seriously Ill During Interstellar Travel 146
8.4 3D Printing of Space Landers 150

Main Sources of Information 153

Bibliography 155